Second
generation OD
(a)
Change is a continuous phenomenon: Organizations are required to study
external and internal environmental factors, identification of drawbacks,
obsolescence and carryout change. The change may take place in organizational
structure, work design, processes and various operational systems. Change is
required to be undertaken for organizational growth. There are two basic
strategies of change namely
(1) Fundamental change strategy and
(2) Incremental change strategy.
(b)
Organizational
transformation:
It refers to carrying out fundamental change in the organization. It is a
commitment made by high-level managerial staff to carry out modification to
existing systems. It is a systems approach. Organizational culture is required
to be changed to adjust to the external environment.
(c)
Learning organization: An all out effort is required on the part of
managers to keep its employees educated on the latest technology, systems,
knowhow and processes. It is a part and parcel of the OD requirement.
(d)
Total
quality management:
Edward Deming and Crosby have done pioneering work on Total Quality Management
(TQM). TQM involves employee involvement, teamwork, decision-making,
problem-solving, high level involvement, adopting a work culture aimed at
growth and quality of product and services. TQM requires total commitment,
removing fear caused due to failure at lower levels, development of successful
work culture and continuous improvement.
e)
Visioning:
Visioning envisages as to what the organization would look like in the future.
It is related to the shape in terms of HR facilities, the growth and the needs
of people it is likely to fulfill. Based on the vision, database is required to
be built, leading to interpretation of information, arriving at suitable
decisions and setting a course of action leading to growth. Visioning refers to
looking at the organisation in
“totality”.
f)
Virtual
organizations:
Getting whole system in one room, evolving action plan and implementation.